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Lingnan， locating on the southern coast of China， is a major distribution center of Chinese medicinal materials and imported southern medicine. It is also a well-known patent medicine production base and a foreign trade port. This paper collected relevant historical documents of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） industry of Lingnan in different times， including Chinese herbs， decoction pieces， Chinese patent medicines and TCM shops. TCM industry of Lingnan originated from the Qin dynasty， and began to develop slowly from the Qin and Han dynasties to the southern and northern dynasties. Private drugstores appeared from the Tang and Song dynasties to the Yuan dynasty， and pharmaceutical commodity production appeared in the Ming dynasty. The TCM industry reached its peak in Qing dynasty， and the modern economic form of the TCM industry appeared during the Republic of China （1912—1949）. It is of great significance for the inheritance， development and innovation of TCM industry of Lingnan to sort out its development history and clarity its development context.
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Innovation plays an important role in the development of the traditional Chinese medicine enterprises, whereas financing constraints may restrain the investment activities. Therefore, whether financing constraints may impact the R&D investment of traditional Chinese medicine enterprises is worthy of being studied. Based on a sample of listed A-share firms in traditional Chinese medicine industry from 2009 to 2018 in China, we investigate the relationship between financing constraints and R&D investment. It is found that financing constraints have a significantly negative effect on R&D investment. In addition, the tax incentives may moderate the negative relation between financing constraints and R&D investment. This study highlights the research on stimulation of R&D investment and provides valuable enlightenment to policy makers and regulators.
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Based on the patents authorized for inventions in the Chinese medicine industry from 2005 to 2016, a patent co-occurrence network is constructed using international patent classification (IPC) information; And based on the K-shell decomposition method to identify core technologies in the network, the technical structure, research hotspot, and the absorption of other technical topics in core areas of traditional Chinese medicine are analyzed. The absorption of innovation in different periods is further described to explore the development trend of the traditional Chinese medicine industry, technological growth points and the main areas of absorption of core technologies of traditional Chinese medicine, in order to provide references and suggestions for industry technological innovation of traditional Chinese medicine.
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OBJECTIVE：To study the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）industry policy in Guangdong- Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area ，and to provide suggestions for the follow-up planning and layout. METHODS ：The content analysis method was used to code and measure the policy text of TCM industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area issued by the central government and local government as of April 2020 from the perspective of policy tools. The current development focus and existing problems of the industry were summarized to put forward reasonable suggestion. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 34 relevant policy texts were retrieved ，including 9 at the central government level and 25 at the local government level. In respective of essential policy tool ，the supply-oriented ，demand-oriented and environmental policy tools of TCM industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area accounted for 58.10％，22.86％ and 19.05％，respectively. Among supply-oriented policy tools ，hardware construction accounted for 40.98％，internal communication for 26.23％，quality construction for 22.95％，and international exchange for 9.84％；there was no specific implementation rules and programs for policy tools ，which affect their operability. The demand-oriented policy tools included health service （75.00％），international trade （16.67％），service outsourcing （4.17％）and government subsidies （4.17％）；the use of the latter three approaches limited the openness of the industrial market. The environmental policy tools included target planning （40.00％），access rules （25.00％）， intellectual property （30.00％）and financing support （5.00％），but needed to improve the support of laws and regulations and relevant measures. In respective of the value chain of TCM industry ，34 policy texts showed 4 contents，including platform construction（36.19％），scientific and technological innovation （19.05％），market expansion （23.81％），exchange and cooperation （20.95％）；the lack of scientific and technological innovation and exchange and cooperation limited the standardization ， modernization and internationalization of TCM. It suggested to optimize the supply-oriented policy tools ，improve the operability of policies； pay attention to the demand-oriented and environmental policy tools ， highlight the role of marketization and standardization；pay attention to the integration of basic policy tools and industrial value chain ，and achieve the standardization ， modernization and international development of TCM in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area.
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With the increasing recognition of Chinese herbal medicine products at both domestic and foreign markets, Chinese medicine industry has made great progress. Recently the relation between Chinese medicine industry and poverty alleviation becomes a research focus. This paper summarizes and concludes the research progress of Chinese medicine industry to alleviate poverty from industrial development, policy design, poverty alleviation effect and risk prevention perspectives based on review the background of Chinese medicine industry to alleviate poverty and its evolution course. The result shows that how to benefit the poor and get sustained ability to lift themselves out of poverty, Chinese medicine industry coordinated development and improve the basic medical and sanitation conditions are the major questions which can explore the Chinese medicine industry potential for alleviate poverty and carry out a further research of it.
Subject(s)
Humans , Agriculture , Drug Industry , Poverty , ResearchABSTRACT
The quality of Chinese materia medica (CMM) is the lifeline of Chinese medicine industry. However, many problems are still found in the quality study on CMM, which restricts the healthy development of Chinese medicine industry to a certain extent. Aiming at the problems existing in the quality research on CMM, the research idea, method and approach of quality marker research and quality evaluation of CMM were put forward based on systematic analysis and discussion on the basic properties and clinical features of CMM according to the core concept of quality marker and the combination of research practice, from the perspective of transmission and traceability of quality elements, the relationship between chemical composition and traditional efficacy containing "drug property" and "drug function", composition analysis of endemicity based on pharmacophylogenetic study and biosynthetic approach. Finally, a new integrated mode of CMM quality evaluation and control was established.
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It is one of the important tasks to promote the development of traditional Chinese medicine culture crea-tive industry in constructing the culture-rich Shandong Province. The major factors that influence the development of traditional Chinese medicine culture creative industry in Shandong Province and the ranks of their importance were thus analyzed by questionnaire survey and hierarchy analysis, respectively. Certain suggestions were put for-ward for the development of traditional Chinese medicine culture creative industry in Shandong Province.
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Chinese medicine resources are the basis of the sustainable development of the health of Chinese medicine, and also the material basis for the sustainable development of Chinese medicine industry. Geoherbs are produced in the specific natural conditions, the ecological environment in the area of medicine. The quality of the medicinal materials is closely related to the characteristics of regional, diversity, variability, and humanity. It determines the particularity and regularity of the development of Chinese medicine resources. The effectiveness and safety of Chinese medicine are the core problems of the quality of Chinese medicine. However, the current Chinese medicine quality issues, quality evaluation, and control methods still exist and cannot objectively reflect the Chinese medicine problems in quality, quality standard in the determination and identification of components is not related with the effectiveness and safety. According to the relevance of the chemical constituents in Chinese medicines and plant secondary metabolite biosynthesis for reaction in herbs, herbal extracts, or compound preparation, and effects on the quality of medicinal materials, the author reiterated markers for defining the quality of traditional Chinese medicine basic conditions. Focus on the material foundation of characteristic, difference, and dynamic change in whole process and quality transfer and traceability, the author believes that to establish quality markers of drug industry chain whole process control system, is conducive to the establishment of a full Chinese medicine quality control and quality traceability system.
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A perspective analysis on the technological innovation in pharmaceutical engineering of Chinese medicine unveils a vision on "Future Factory" of Chinese medicine industry in mind. The strategy as well as the technical roadmap of "Chinese medicine industry 4.0" is proposed, with the projection of related core technology system. It is clarified that the technical development path of Chinese medicine industry from digital manufacture to intelligent manufacture. On the basis of precisely defining technical terms such as process control, on-line detection and process quality monitoring for Chinese medicine manufacture, the technical concepts and characteristics of intelligent pharmaceutical manufacture as well as digital pharmaceutical manufacture are elaborated. Promoting wide applications of digital manufacturing technology of Chinese medicine is strongly recommended. Through completely informationized manufacturing processes and multi-discipline cluster innovation, intelligent manufacturing technology of Chinese medicine should be developed, which would provide a new driving force for Chinese medicine industry in technology upgrade, product quality enhancement and efficiency improvement.
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In order to make the comprehensive evaluation work of intellectual property of TCM industry more scientific and reasonable in our country, promote the protection of intellectual property of TCM industry, based on the survey of the domestic and foreign literature about evaluation of intellectual property and TCM industry, this article built the evaluation index system of intellectual property of TCM industry from five aspects:the number of intellectual property, the quality of intellectual property, the development of intellectual property, the implementation of intellectual property, and the management of intellectual property, and elaborated each index in detail.
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Successful implementation of TCM scientific research projects is the main motive force of the development of traditional Chinese medicine. With the establishment of public welfare industry research in 2006, TCM scientific research projects have obtained increasing investment funds from the central budget. Therefore, how to organize TCM research projects becomes a new task for department of scientific research management. Through years of work experience in scientific research management, the authors made an analysis of the special project management paradigm in Chinese medicine industry from the basic situation of TCM industry, investment, organization and management, and appraisal mechanism.
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Objective To analysis the hot spots of innovative technology of Chinese medicine industry in Shanghai during the recent years.Methods Patent Database of State Intelletual Property Office was retrieved by IPC class numbers combined with keywords and the IPC classification of the Chinese medicine patents in Shanghai area during 2002-2013 were under statistical analysis.Results The hot spot distribution of therapeutic activity of TCM preparations:Antineoplastic is the most important activity of Chinese medicine development, followed by the activities of treatment of inadequate blood flow or cardiovascular system diseases, such as hyperglycemia, high cholesterol, and so on. The activity of treatment of the digestive tract or digestive system diseases, followed by the activities of anti infection, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory treatment, etc. The hot spot distribution of dosage:Researches on new dosage of Chinese medicine were mainly reflected in the improvement of traditional dosage form and development of new formulations. The capsules, tablets, oral liquid, and injections were the new dosage forms under the most researches. The distribution of medical resources:Medicinal plants or animals mainly came from “angiosperm”. Medicinal animals were less than medicinal plants, which mainly belonged to insecta.ConclusionThe hot spots of innovative technology of Chinese medicine industry in Shanghai are mainly distributed in the medicine of anti-tumor, cardiocerebral vascular diseases, digestive system diseases and so on in recent years. The researches of new formulation focus on the traditional dosage form improvement and new formulations development. “Angiosperm” is the key to the development of medicinal plants.
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The literature study and survey revealed existed problems and factors such as the difficulties to maintain quality of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), sustainable development, homogenization and indeterminacy of clinical orientation diagnosis, lack of favorable evidence-based medicine and pharmacoeconomics data to support, lack of ev-idence of safety evaluation, which restrict the development of TCM enterprises. Based on problems and factors men-tioned above, recommendations were made on the healthy development of TCM enterprises, which include guarantee of the quality of TCM herbs and the sustainable development of its resource; conduct systematic evidence-based pharmacoeconomic research, identify the clinical orientation; carry out safety assessment systematically, improve the specification; improve clinical effectiveness-oriented quality standards.